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Pitfalls of Mobile Penetration Testing Service. Part I

Mobile penetration testing is a specialized type of security assessment that aims to identify vulnerabilities in mobile applications, their backend systems, and the devices they operate on. Mobile applications surround us in nearly all essential aspects of modern life, and the majority of them handle sensitive user data. Because of this, businesses must ensure their apps are secure from cyber threats.

There are well-known methodologies for penetration testing, and the list of standard checks for mobile applications has also been established. However, there remain a lot of potential issues and obstacles faced by mobile app pentesters. A knowledgeable customer should have a notion about such potential pitfalls to maintain a productive discussion with the service provider. So, let’s talk about them and see how they can be worked around.

Static and Dynamic Analysis Pitfalls

Static Application Security Testing (SAST) provides for analyzing the source code of the application, binaries, and configuration files for security flaws. Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST), as the name suggests, provides for assessing the application while it is running to identify runtime vulnerabilities.

Static Application Security Testing (SAST) involves analyzing an application’s source code, binaries, or decompiled files without executing it. However, many mobile applications obfuscate their code to prevent reverse engineering. This can make it difficult to analyze and extract meaningful security insights. Also, the sensitive strings (e.g., API keys) may be encrypted, preventing detection through simple string analysis.
Automated SAST tools often produce false positives, flagging non-exploitable issues that require manual review. So, some flagged vulnerabilities may not be security risks in real-world execution but appear concerning in static code analysis.

The intrinsic limitation of SAST is that it does not analyze runtime behavior, meaning that hardcoded credentials might be encrypted at runtime, rendering findings irrelevant. Because of that, some vulnerabilities only appear when data is dynamically generated during execution.

A pentester should keep in mind that third-party SDKs and libraries (e.g., Firebase, analytics tools) are often included in mobile apps but may not be fully analyzed in static assessments; also, interactions with backend APIs and dynamic content generation cannot be assessed properly.

An experienced mobile penetration testing service provider will know how to mitigate these issues. For instance, it is a must to combine SAST and DAST, as each method has strengths and weaknesses; using both ensures better vulnerability coverage. Manual code review helps reduce false positives and negatives. Anti-analysis mechanisms like Frida hooks, SSL unpinning, and dynamic instrumentation help bypass security restrictions for deeper testing and setting up a proper testbed (emulators, rooted/jailbroken devices, network proxies) improves the effectiveness of dynamic analysis.

We mentioned the combination of the DAST and SAST, however, DAST has several limitations of its own when used for mobile app penetration testing. This is primarily because DAST tools are designed for web applications and struggle with mobile-specific security aspects.

For instance, DAST focuses on runtime vulnerabilities but cannot detect many mobile-specific issues, such as: insecure local data storage (e.g., unprotected SQLite databases, insecure keychains, exposed logs); poor API security (e.g., improper authentication mechanisms, hardcoded API keys); weak cryptographic implementations (e.g., outdated encryption, improper key storage).

DAST tools can be ineffective against client-side vulnerabilities, as they interact with the application as a black-box tester, meaning they struggle with detecting issues like: code obfuscation weaknesses (e.g., poorly implemented ProGuard rules); hardcoded credentials or sensitive data within the app binary; insecure inter-process communication (IPC) risks such as exposed Android Intents or iOS URL schemes.

Many modern mobile apps use SSL/TLS certificate pinning, preventing DAST from intercepting traffic via proxies like Burp Suite or OWASP ZAP. Also, some apps encrypt API requests at the application level, making automated analysis difficult.

Mobile application pentesting specifics also might complicate the assessment, as DAST tools are optimized for web interactions and may fail to analyze: biometric authentication (e.g., Face ID, Touch ID), device permissions abuse (e.g., excessive access to location, camera, microphone), background processes or push notifications, which are crucial in mobile security. Here come potential complications with hybrid apps (e.g., React Native, Flutter, Cordova), which mix web and native elements, making it harder for DAST tools to fully analyze them. Native apps (Swift/Kotlin) often use compiled code, which DAST tools can’t easily inspect.

It's a well-known fact that DAST often fails to fully authenticate and navigate API workflows, especially in mobile apps that use OAuth 2.0 / JWT authentication mechanisms or require multi-factor authentication (MFA) or have complex session management mechanisms.

While DAST is useful for basic runtime security testing, it should be complemented with SAST, API testing, and manual penetration testing for a thorough security assessment of mobile applications. To combine DAST with mobile SAST & manual testing, you can use MobSF, Frida, and Objection; among API security testing tools, there can be recommended Postman, Burp Suite, or MITM Proxy. The assessment of local storage security can be carried out using tools like MobSF and manual testing on rooted/jailbroken devices.

The pitfalls of mobile application penetration testing service is a sophisticated subject, so we decided to split it into three parts.

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Penetration Testing Methodologies

Each penetration testing methodology has its specific use cases and benefits. Organizations should select among penetration testing methodologies based on their security goals, technical environment, and compliance requirements.

Different methodologies exist for penetration testing different digital assets. In the brief overview below, we will discuss their focus, strengths, and weaknesses.

OWASP Penetration Testing Methodology

The OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) Penetration Testing Methodology is one of the most well-known methodologies for pen testing. It provides a structured framework for assessing the security of web applications (there are other methodologies for, say, mobile application pentests). OWASP is widely used for identifying vulnerabilities and ensuring the reliability of web software. The OWASP Web Security Testing Guide (WSTG) is central to this methodology, outlining specific tests and tools for detecting security issues in web applications.

This methodology mostly focuses on a black-box approach, simulating an external attack without prior knowledge of the internal structure of the application. It emphasizes the use of practical tools and techniques, covering areas like input validation, authentication, session management, and business logic testing. It is instrumental in strengthening the application’s security posture against modern cyber threats.

OWASP does provide comprehensive coverage, as it Includes all major aspects of web application security, from technical vulnerabilities to business logic issues. It is freely available, making it accessible to organizations of all sizes and there are regular updates to it that ensure it reflects the latest in web application security.

However, OWASP utilization depends heavily on the tester's expertise and experience in applying the framework effectively. Also, it is less suited for testing other domains.

NIST SP 800-115 Penetration Testing Methodology

NIST SP 800-115, titled "Technical Guide to Information Security Testing and Assessment," provides a structured framework for conducting penetration testing and other security assessments. It is aimed at helping organizations evaluate the effectiveness of their security controls by simulating real-world attacks. The methodology covers three phases, such as 1) Planning, which accounts for defining objectives and scope; establishing roles, responsibilities, and rules of engagement; and identifying targets and constraints. 2) Execution, which accounts for performing information gathering and vulnerability identification; exploiting vulnerabilities to demonstrate their potential impact; and documenting findings in real-time for accuracy. 3) Post-Execution, which accounts for analyzing results to prioritize remediation efforts and delivering a comprehensive report with detailed findings, risks, and mitigation strategies.

NIST SP 800-115 is characterized by a comprehensive scope as it addresses various testing techniques, including network, application, and physical security assessment guidelines. It promotes consistency across testing teams and environments as well as clear remediation steps and prioritization of risks.

However, while detailed, it may lack specific technical steps for unique environments. Also, it’s quite resource-intensive: requires skilled personnel and significant time investment for effective execution.

SANS Penetration Testing Framework

SANS Penetration Testing Methodology is derived from best practices taught by the SANS Institute, a leader in cybersecurity training and certifications. This methodology provides a structured approach to ethical hacking and is widely used for identifying vulnerabilities and simulating real-world attacks. It is often paired with SANS courses like SEC560 (Network Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking) and SEC542 (Web App Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking).

The methodology includes such steps as: 1) Reconnaissance: gathering open-source intelligence (OSINT) to understand the target environment; 2) Scanning: identifying live hosts, open ports, and services through tools like Nmap; 3) Exploitation: using vulnerabilities found during scanning to gain unauthorized access; 4) Post-Exploitation: maintaining access, escalating privileges, and pivoting to other systems. 5) Reporting: documenting findings, risks, and mitigation strategies.

This penetration testing framework is distinguished by its practicality. It focuses on real-world scenarios and hands-on techniques. Also, it covers all major aspects of penetration testing, from reconnaissance to reporting, and is supported by extensive SANS training programs and certifications. On the other hand, it requires skilled testers and extensive time investment. Also, it relies heavily on tools like Metasploit and Burp Suite, which may limit creativity in certain scenarios.

CREST Penetration Testing Methodology

CREST (Council of Registered Ethical Security Testers) penetration testing is a standardized and globally recognized methodology for conducting penetration tests. It ensures that tests are performed by certified professionals who follow consistent, detailed, and ethical procedures to evaluate an organization's cybersecurity posture. CREST accreditation guarantees high-quality, precise, and trustworthy testing.

CREST-certified penetration testing involves simulated cyberattacks authorized by the client to assess vulnerabilities in IT systems, networks, and applications. The methodology emphasizes robust documentation, pre-engagement planning, and adherence to ethical and professional standards.

It is a credible methodology: CREST-certified testers and organizations ensure globally recognized standards of professionalism and expertise. It covers various areas including network, application, and infrastructure testing; ensures detailed and actionable reporting, aiding stakeholders in implementing corrective measures.

It should be noted that CREST-certified services can be expensive due to rigorous certification and resource requirements. The certification process and execution can take longer compared to non-standardized methodologies.

The above methodologies can be used for different types of penetration testing, such as web or mobile. A professional penetration testing company can follow these standards when working with end clients or its white-label partners, leveraging its expertise for the benefit of general cybersecurity.

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Trilight Security Recognized Among Top 5 Penetration Testing Service Providers in 2025

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Trilight Security Named Among Top Cybersecurity Consulting Companies 2025 by Superbcompanies.com

Trilight Security is proud to announce that we were ranked in the list of top Cybersecurity Consulting Companies.

Superbcompanies.com is a global portal that helps companies looking for IT, Cybersecurity, Software Development service providers find reliable partner. To achieve this goal companies featured on Superbcompanies.com undergo thorough assessment based on such criteria as industry presence, expertise level, quality and reliability of services, and more.

Superbcompanies.com has more than 15 years of experience analyzing businesses and their qualification worldwide. Trilight Security was featured among Cybersecurity Consulting Companies due to recognition by existing customers and demonstrated ability to provide high-quality cybersecurity services such as Managed Security and more:

• Penetration Testing
• Vulnerability Analysis
• Compromise Assessments
• Digital Forensics
• SOC-as-a-Service
• Dark Web Monitoring
• Incident Response
• ISO 27001 Compliance consulting
• SOC 2 Compliance consulting
• Cybersecurity Outsourcing & Outstaffing

Trilight Security is a Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP) with focus on customers from small and medium businesses. We also have a strong focus on white-labeling our services to other MSSPs and MSPs in the North America, the EU, and beyond.

Thank you to the Superbcompanies team.

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Trilight Security Recognized by GoodFirms as the Best Company to Work With

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