Professional Vulnerability Management Services
At Trilight Security, we provide comprehensive vulnerability management services for organisations across the USA and the EU, including a strong focus on Germany. With 40,289 CVEs published in 2024 — a 39% increase from 2023 — and the average data breach now costing $4.88 million, periodic patching cycles are no longer a structurally adequate response to the vulnerability burden organisations face. Our certified security experts combine enterprise-grade scanning platforms with manual validation, risk-based prioritisation using CVSS, EPSS, and CISA KEV intelligence, and structured remediation tracking — delivering the continuous visibility and actionable guidance your team needs to stay ahead of exploitable risk. Get in touch with Trilight Security to discover how our vulnerability management services can reduce your attack surface, support compliance with NIS2, ISO/IEC 27001, PCI-DSS, and other applicable frameworks, and give your security team the clarity to fix what matters first.
Why Vulnerability Management — Not Just Vulnerability Assessment?
Many organisations run periodic vulnerability scans and assume the job is done. The reality is more demanding. Vulnerability management is an ongoing programme that maintains continuous oversight of the full exposure landscape, drives prioritisation, and tracks remediation progress over time. A vulnerability assessment is a point-in-time evaluation — assessment is a component of vulnerability management, not a substitute for it.
The distinction matters because the threat environment does not pause between assessments. According to IBM’s 2024 X-Force report, the average time to exploit a known CVE has dropped below 7 days. A vulnerability discovered on Monday may be actively exploited by Friday. Organisations that rely on monthly or quarterly scans — and that prioritise findings by CVSS score alone — are systematically missing the vulnerabilities that attackers are actually using.
Our vulnerability management service closes these gaps: continuous scanning ensures new exposures are identified within hours, not months; EPSS-based prioritisation surfaces what is likely to be exploited rather than just what is technically severe; and structured remediation tracking ensures findings are closed, not just discovered.
Our Offering
Vulnerability Assessment
We conduct systematic, scoped vulnerability assessments of your networks, systems, applications, and cloud environments — producing a prioritised inventory of every identified weakness, its risk rating, and actionable remediation guidance. A vulnerability assessment provides a point-in-time snapshot, useful for audits and scoped evaluations, but is not a substitute for continuous oversight. This service is ideal for satisfying one-time compliance requirements, pre-audit baseline assessments, or post-change validation.
Managed Vulnerability Management
We operate as your outsourced vulnerability management team — running continuous or scheduled scanning cycles across your full asset inventory, applying risk-based prioritisation to surface what genuinely needs attention, managing remediation workflows with your technical teams, and reporting progress against SLAs to management. This service removes the operational overhead of running a VM programme in-house and ensures no critical exposure window goes unaddressed.
Risk-Based Vulnerability Prioritisation
Not all vulnerabilities require the same urgency — and organisations that treat every CVSS-flagged finding as an emergency burn out their remediation teams while missing exploitable risks. We apply a layered prioritisation model combining CVSS severity scores, EPSS — a model that provides an estimate of the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited within the next 30 days — and CISA KEV catalog intelligence to surface the findings that represent real, imminent risk.
Compliance-Driven Scanning
For organisations with regulatory scanning obligations — PCI-DSS quarterly external scans, NIS2 Article 21 risk testing requirements, ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A controls, SOC 2, HIPAA, or DORA — we design and operate scanning programmes that satisfy the specific frequency, scope, and reporting requirements of each applicable framework. Every scan cycle produces the documented evidence — methodology, findings, remediation records, and retest confirmation — that auditors and supervisory authorities require.
Authenticated & Unauthenticated Scanning
We conduct both authenticated and unauthenticated scanning against all in-scope assets. Authenticated scans provide significantly deeper coverage than unauthenticated network-perspective scans — uncovering missing patches, insecure software configurations, and privilege escalation risks that external scanning cannot reach. For assets not reachable by network scanners between scheduled cycles, we deploy agent-based scanning.
Penetration Testing Validation
A vulnerability scanner identifies what is known — it cannot determine whether identified weaknesses can be chained into a real attack path. Our Penetration Testing Validation service bridges the gap between your VM programme and true exploit risk: our certified pentesters take the highest-priority findings from your vulnerability scans and actively attempt to exploit them — confirming real-world impact, demonstrating what an attacker could achieve, and validating your remediation efforts.
Vulnerability Management Process
We conduct systematic examination of networks, systems, applications, and cloud environments to identify, prioritise, and track remediation of security weaknesses. Our process is adapted to the specific asset inventory, compliance requirements, and operational constraints of each engagement. Typically, vulnerability management programmes include the following stages:
- Asset Discovery & Inventory: We establish a complete, current inventory of all in-scope assets — including on-premises servers and workstations, network devices, cloud instances, containerised workloads, web applications, and mobile backends. Assets that are undiscovered cannot be scanned, and undiscovered assets represent systematic blind spots, not acceptable programme gaps. We supplement network discovery with asset management data to ensure complete coverage before scanning begins.
- Authenticated Vulnerability Scanning: We run credentialed scans across all in-scope assets using enterprise-grade scanning platforms — uncovering missing patches, insecure software configurations, default credentials, vulnerable service versions, and compliance policy violations that network-perspective scanning alone cannot reach. Cloud workloads receive cloud-native scanning appropriate to their architecture. Web applications receive dedicated DAST scanning in addition to infrastructure scanning.
- Risk-Based Prioritisation: All scanner output is processed through our risk-based prioritisation model — combining CVSS severity scores, EPSS exploitation likelihood scores, CISA KEV active exploitation status, asset criticality, and environmental context to rank findings by the actual risk they pose to your organisation. We eliminate the false urgency created by CVSS-only triage and surface the findings that genuinely require immediate remediation attention.
- Manual Validation: Critical and high-severity findings identified by automated scanning are manually validated by our security experts before being presented in the report — confirming exploitability, ruling out false positives, and providing context that no automated platform can generate. This step is what differentiates our service from a raw scanner output.
- Remediation Guidance & Tracking: For every confirmed finding we provide specific, actionable remediation guidance — patch identifiers, configuration changes, compensating controls, and workarounds where immediate patching is not feasible. For managed vulnerability management clients we operate a structured remediation tracking workflow, assigning findings to responsible owners and monitoring progress against agreed SLAs.
- Retest & Verification: Once remediation actions have been implemented, we retest affected assets to confirm that each finding has been effectively resolved — not just addressed in theory. Verified remediation is essential for compliance evidence and for maintaining accurate risk posture tracking over time.
- Reporting & Management Communication: We produce reports structured for both technical teams and executive stakeholders — a technical report with every finding, severity rating, evidence, and remediation guidance; and an executive summary with the overall risk posture, trend analysis, and compliance status. Recurring programme clients receive trend reporting showing risk reduction over time.
What We Scan
Coverage Across Every Asset Class
Our vulnerability management service covers the full scope of modern IT environments:
- Enterprise Networks — routers, switches, firewalls, VPNs, wireless infrastructure, and all network-connected endpoints
- Servers & Endpoints — Windows, Linux, and macOS servers and workstations, including legacy and end-of-life systems
- Cloud Environments — AWS, Azure, and GCP instances, serverless functions, container workloads, and storage configurations; authenticated cloud-native scanning aligned to CIS Benchmarks
- Web Applications — authenticated DAST scanning for OWASP Top 10 vulnerability classes, API endpoints, and authentication mechanisms
- Mobile Applications — iOS and Android application assessments for data storage, API security, and binary-level vulnerabilities
- Network Devices — firmware vulnerability identification for routers, switches, firewalls, and IoT/OT-connected devices
- Databases — authentication weaknesses, privilege misconfiguration, unpatched database engines, and sensitive data exposure
- Active Directory & Identity Infrastructure — account enumeration, password policy validation, privilege configuration review, and Kerberos security assessment
Our Benefits
Top Certifications
Our experts hold top industry certifications including OSCE, OSCP, OSEP, AWS Certified Security, CREST, CEH, and others, backed by years of experience conducting VA and VM programmes.
Rich Deliverables
We provide vulnerability assessment reports with technical and business details of the discovered vulnerabilities, remediation recommendations, etc.
Best Methodologies
We provide VA and VM reports with technical findings, CVSS and EPSS risk ratings, manual validation evidence, remediation guidance, compliance mapping, and trend analysis.
Cost Efficiency
We have access to top-tier security talent delivered at transparent pricing that makes expert-led VM accessible to customers of all sizes.
Vulnerability Management Methodologies
Our vulnerability management services follow NIST SP 800-115 for technical scanning methodology and NIST SP 800-40 for patch and remediation management. Asset coverage and configuration assessment benchmarks are drawn from the CIS Controls v8 framework — specifically Controls 1 (Inventory of Enterprise Assets), 2 (Inventory of Software Assets), 7 (Continuous Vulnerability Management), and 12 (Network Infrastructure Management). Risk scoring combines CVSS v4.0 for severity assessment with EPSS v4 (FIRST, updated March 2025) for exploitation likelihood prediction and the CISA KEV Catalog for confirmed active exploitation status. Web application vulnerability scanning follows the OWASP Testing Guide (WSTG v4.2). For compliance-driven engagements, reporting is aligned to NIS2 Article 21, ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A, PCI-DSS (Requirements 6.3 and 11.3), HIPAA, DORA, and SOC 2 as applicable
Tools
Our scanning infrastructure is built on enterprise-grade platforms selected for coverage breadth and scan accuracy. Infrastructure and endpoint scanning uses Nessus by Tenable and Qualys VMDR for authenticated network and host assessment, and OpenVAS / Greenbone as a supplementary engine. Cloud configuration scanning uses Prowler (AWS, Azure, GCP CIS Benchmark alignment) and ScoutSuite for multi-cloud posture review. Web application scanning uses Burp Suite Professional for authenticated DAST and Nuclei for template-based vulnerability detection. Network discovery and service enumeration uses Nmap and Masscan. Active Directory assessment uses BloodHound and PingCastle. All automated scanner output is manually reviewed and false-positive filtered by experienced security engineers before inclusion in client reports — raw scanner output is never presented as a deliverable.
Deliverables
- Executive Summary: A high-level overview of the vulnerability landscape, overall risk posture, and key findings, written for management and non-technical stakeholders.
- Technical Vulnerability Report: A comprehensive report documenting all identified vulnerabilities with CVE identifiers, CVSS v4.0 severity ratings, EPSS exploitation probability scores, CISA KEV status, proof-of-concept evidence, and specific remediation guidance for each finding.
- Risk-Prioritised Findings Matrix: A ranked inventory of all findings ordered by composite risk score (CVSS + EPSS + KEV + asset criticality), enabling your remediation team to work the highest-risk issues first without wading through scanner noise.
- Asset Inventory: A complete inventory of all assets discovered and scanned during the engagement, including IP addresses, operating systems, service versions, and scan coverage confirmation.
- Remediation Plan: A structured remediation roadmap with specific recommended actions, patch identifiers, configuration guidance, compensating controls, suggested timelines, and responsible parties for each identified issue.
- Compliance Mapping: A structured mapping of findings and remediation status to applicable frameworks including NIS2, PCI-DSS, ISO/IEC 27001, HIPAA, DORA, and SOC 2 as required.
- Retest Report: Confirmation that previously identified vulnerabilities have been effectively remediated, issued after follow-up scanning of affected assets.
- Trend Analysis (recurring programmes): Month-on-month or quarter-on-quarter tracking of vulnerability counts by severity, mean time to remediate, risk posture trajectory, and compliance status — giving management a measurable view of security programme progress.
Penetration Test Report Sample
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Our Recognition
Vulnerability management is a continuous lifecycle process that systematically identifies, prioritises, and tracks the remediation of security weaknesses across every asset class in an organisation’s environment — reducing exploitable risk before attackers can take advantage of it. It is an ongoing programme, not a one-time assessment.
A vulnerability assessment is a point-in-time evaluation — a snapshot of current exposure at a specific moment. Vulnerability management is an ongoing programme that maintains continuous oversight of the full exposure landscape, drives prioritisation, and tracks remediation progress over time. Assessment is a component of vulnerability management, not a substitute for it.
Vulnerability scanning and management identify known weaknesses using automated tools across the full asset inventory — providing broad coverage and continuous monitoring. Penetration testing involves active exploitation by human experts to demonstrate real-world attack paths and business impact. The two are complementary: vulnerability management maintains continuous baseline coverage, while penetration testing validates whether identified weaknesses can be chained into meaningful compromises and uncovers logic flaws that no scanner can detect.
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a standardised framework for rating the severity of security vulnerabilities. It provides a numeric score from 0.0 to 10.0 based on static attributes such as attack vector, attack complexity, and potential impact. CVSS tells you how bad a vulnerability could be; it does not tell you how likely it is to happen. We use CVSS as one input in our prioritisation model — alongside EPSS and CISA KEV — to produce a risk rating that reflects both severity and exploitability.
EPSS is a machine learning model developed by FIRST that provides a daily estimate of the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. Only 3% of vulnerabilities most frequently result in impactful exposure — meaning CVSS-only programmes are structurally over-triaging the vast majority of findings. EPSS allows our team to focus your remediation resources on the vulnerabilities that attackers are actually likely to use, rather than working through a CVSS-ranked backlog that may never reflect real-world risk.
The CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog is maintained by the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and lists CVEs that are confirmed to be actively exploited in real-world attacks. KEV entries carry remediation deadlines for federal agencies under Binding Operational Directives and serve as a high-confidence signal for all organisations. When a KEV entry is published for a vulnerability present in your environment, we automatically escalate that finding to the highest SLA tier — regardless of its CVSS score.
Frequency depends on asset criticality and compliance requirements. Critical production systems warrant continuous or daily scanning. Standard infrastructure typically runs weekly automated scans with monthly authenticated assessments. PCI-DSS requires quarterly scans at minimum. Development environments should be scanned before every production deployment.
Yes. All critical and high-severity findings identified by automated scanning are manually validated by our security engineers before inclusion in the report. This eliminates false positives, provides exploitability context that automated platforms cannot generate, and ensures that every finding in our report represents a confirmed, actionable risk — not scanner noise.
Our vulnerability management programmes are scoped and documented to satisfy requirements under PCI-DSS (Requirements 6.3 and 11.3), NIS2 Article 21, ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A Control 8.8, HIPAA Security Rule §164.308(a)(1), DORA, SOC 2 CC7.1, and other applicable regulatory frameworks. We provide compliance-mapped reporting that aligns findings and remediation status directly to the relevant control requirements.
Yes. For managed vulnerability management clients, we operate a structured remediation tracking workflow — assigning findings to responsible owners within your team, monitoring progress against agreed SLAs, following up on overdue items, and retesting resolved findings to confirm closure. We act as an extension of your security team, not just a scanner provider.
Yes. Our vulnerability management service covers AWS, Azure, and GCP environments — including EC2/virtual machine assessments, container and serverless workload scanning, storage configuration analysis, IAM policy review, and CIS Benchmark compliance checking. Cloud workloads receive cloud-native scanning appropriate to their architecture in addition to standard network-perspective scanning.
Unauthenticated scanning assesses your environment from the perspective of an external attacker with no credentials — identifying exposed services, open ports, and network-level vulnerabilities. Authenticated (credentialed) scanning logs into each system with valid credentials and examines the full installed software inventory, patch status, configuration settings, and local security controls. Authenticated scanning provides dramatically deeper coverage and far fewer false negatives — we use it as the primary scanning mode for all in-scope assets where credentials can be safely provided.
A scoped, point-in-time vulnerability assessment typically takes three to seven business days depending on the number of in-scope assets, network complexity, and whether web application scanning is included. We provide a detailed scoping estimate prior to any engagement. Ongoing managed vulnerability management programmes operate on agreed scanning cadences from your first engagement.
Yes. Our vulnerability assessments and management programmes can be scoped and documented to satisfy requirements under NIS2, PCI-DSS, ISO/IEC 27001, HIPAA, DORA, SOC 2, and other applicable regulatory and contractual frameworks. We provide compliance-mapped reporting that aligns findings and remediation status directly to the relevant control requirements.
Pricing depends on the number and type of in-scope assets, scanning frequency, whether manual validation and managed remediation tracking are included, and the compliance frameworks requiring documentation. Point-in-time assessments for standard environments typically start from a few thousand euros. Managed vulnerability management programmes are priced on a recurring basis scaled to asset inventory size and service scope. Contact us for a detailed, obligation-free quote.
